1. Common Nouns (General names for people, places, things, or ideas)

• Example: dog, city, book, happiness

2. Proper Nouns (Specific names of people, places, or things – always capitalized)

• Example: John, Paris, Coca-Cola, Christmas

3. Concrete Nouns (Things that can be seen, touched, heard, smelled, or tasted)

• Example: apple, chair, thunder, perfume

4. Abstract Nouns (Ideas, feelings, qualities, or concepts – cannot be touched)

• Example: love, courage, freedom, happiness

5. Countable Nouns (Can be counted and have singular/plural forms)

• Example: apple → apples, chair → chairs

6. Uncountable Nouns (Cannot be counted; often substances, qualities, or concepts)

• Example: water, sugar, information, advice

7. Collective Nouns (Refer to a group of people, animals, or things as a single unit)

• Example: team, flock, audience, jury

8. Compound Nouns (Made up of two or more words that function as a single noun)

• Open (Separate words): ice cream, post office

• Hyphenated: mother-in-law, check-in

• Closed (One word): toothpaste, basketball

9. Possessive Nouns (Show ownership by adding an apostrophe + "s" or just an apostrophe for plurals)

• Example: Lisa’s book, the dogs’ toys, the teacher’s desk

10. Singular Nouns (Refer to one person, place, thing, or idea)

• Example: dog, table, river, idea

11. Plural Nouns (Refer to more than one person, place, thing, or idea – often ending in "s" or "es")

• Example: dogs, tables, rivers, ideas

• Irregular Plural Nouns: child → children, tooth → teeth, mouse → mice

12. Gerunds (Verbal Nouns) (Nouns formed from verbs by adding "-ing")

• Example: Swimming is fun. Reading helps you learn.

13. Appositive Nouns (Nouns placed next to another noun to explain or rename it)

• Example: My brother, a doctor, works at the hospital.

14. Irregular Plural Nouns (Nouns that do not follow the standard -s or -es plural rule and change form in unique ways.)

• Example: The children played outside while the adults talked.